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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-rang ... tic_deviceLong-range acoustic device
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A long-range acoustic device (LRAD), acoustic hailing device (AHD) or sound cannon is a specialized loudspeaker that produces sound at high power for communicating at a distance. It has been used as a method of crowd control, which has caused permanent hearing damage, having an extremely high decibel capacity (up to 160 dB measured at one meter from the device).[1] Other uses have included for negotiations in siege situations; to deal with piracy at sea; for mass notification during natural disasters or other emergencies; and by defense forces, including several navies.
Risks
Acoustic hailing devices are being used as weapons. The human ear can typically stand a sound pressure level of 120 dB before feeling pain. AHDs are capable of 135 dB or more of acoustic energy. OSHA states that any sound pressure level over 90 dB requires hearing protection.[16] As volume increases so does the chance of hearing loss. The effective non-lethal range of an AHD depends on the total acoustic output of the unit. Typically, this range is 50 metres (160 ft) or less.
In addition to its "voice" feature, which acts as a loudspeaker, the LRAD has an "alert" feature, which emits loud chirping or beeping sounds, which can be used at the top of the decibel range of the device.[4] These sounds have been reported to cause pain and hearing damage.[17] The use of the alert function for crowd control has been described as a "sound cannon" or sonic weapon,[18] although this has been denied by the manufacturer. The sound can be targeted within a narrow and specific range that does not impact those operating the device or standing next to it. Civil liberties organizations are concerned about its use by police forces,[12] and its use has been contested in law courts in the United States. One concern is that police officers are not receiving enough training in its use.[4]
Tehničke specifikacije LRAD 450XL:
Maximum Continuous Output: 143 dBA SPL @ 1m
Maximum range: 1 700 m
Operational range (>88 dBA) 500 m
